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Kurutan Bakış: Nazar - Dünyalılar Nazar inancı hemen hemen her kültürde bulunur. Eski Roma’da kem göze sahip profesyonel büyücüler bir kişinin düşmanlarını büyülemek için kiralanırdı. Bütün Çingeneler kem gözlü olmakla suçlanırdı. Bu, Hindistan ve Yakındoğu boyunca da yaygın ve insanların çokça çekindiği bir olaydı. Ortaçağ’a gelene kadar Avrupalılar nazara maruz kalmaktan o kadar çok korkarlardı ki şaşkın, çılgın veya kurnaz bakışlı herhangi biri kazıkta yakılmaya adaydı. Bir katarakt durumu ise ölüm anlamına gelebilmekteydi.
Peki, nasıl olur da böyle bir inanç bağımsız olarak bu kadar birbirinden farklı kültürün arasından çıkmıştır?
Halkbilimciler arasında sıklıkla kabul edilen teorilerden biri gözbebeği yansıması olayını içerir. Söz gelimi eğer bir kimsenin gözlerinin içine bakarsanız sizin küçücük görüntünüz o kişinin gözbebeğinde belirecektir. İngilizce öğrenci anlamındaki “pupil” kelimesi de Latince “küçük bebek” anlamına gelen pupilla’dan gelmektedir. İlk insan kendi minyatür görüntüsünü kabiledeki diğer insanların gözlerinde görmeyi oldukça garip ve korkutucu bulmuş olmalı. Kendi benzerinin orada devamlı kalmasından ve kem göz tarafından çalınmasından korkup bir tehlikenin içinde olduğuna inanmış olabilir. Bir asırdan az bir süre önce, ilkel Afrika kabileleri arasında fotoğrafı çekilen kişinin sonsuza kadar ruhunu kaybettiği inancı da bu görüşü kuvvetlendirmektedir. Mısırlılar nazara karşı ilginç bir panzehire sahipti; yani kohl’a, tarihin ilk maskarasına.
Başa kötü bir şey geleceği ima edildiğinde veya kuvvetli bir olasılık olarak değerlendirildiğinde tükürür gibi yapmak Anadolu inanışları arasındadır. Bıçak, makas gibi kesici sivri nesneler elden ele geçerken `tu’ demek bunlardan biridir. Ama tükürükle nazar, bela kovmak sadece Anadolu’ya özgü değil. Yunanlı balıkçılar kem gözü savmak için ağlarına, Romalılar bizim pazarcılar gibi siftah ettikleri paraya üç kez tükürürlermiş.
Hem üç büyük din nazarı gerçek sayar hem de tükürük mucizevidir. Eski Ahit’te, İsa’nın tükürükle sağır, dilsiz bir adamı, konuşur ve işitir kıldığı yazılıdır. Tükürüğün uğursuzluğa, belaya, efsuna, büyüye iyi gelmesi, kem göz inanışı kadar yaygın eski ve ortak kökenli gibi görünüyor.
Ortadoğu’da da en sakınılan şey sudur. Kem göz, kurutan gözdür. Nazar, anneyi emzirmekten, erkeği döl vermekten, ineği sütten, ağacı meyveden keser; bebekler kusar, ishal olur, pınarlar kurur, sular akmaz olur. Kuru, ölüm; yaş, yaşam demektir. Sıvıyı kurutan nazara, sıvıyla karşılık verilir. Bizde kem göze karşı suya kurşun dökülür; Yunanlılar ve İtalyanlar yağ, Ukraynalılar balmumu, İskoçyalılar gümüş dökerler. Romanyalılarsa suya kömür atarlar. Suyla ilişkili sayısız nazardan korunma uygulaması var.
Dünyalılar
Sonrakini Oku 09/07/2024
İnsanı Alıklaştıran, Toplumu Kirleten, Doğayı Yok Eden Reklamlar 28/03/2024
Alaturka ‘Çitleme’ AKP Tipi Kapitalizm 14/02/2024
Eleştirel Düşüncenin Vazgeçilmezliği ve Entelektüel 02/01/2024
Laiklik Nedir, Türkiye’de Nasıl Uygulanıyor? 05/12/2023
“Birleşmemiş” Milletler Örgütü 10/02/2025
“Ben Siyasetle İlgilenmiyorum” Konformizmi Üzerine 26/10/2024
Bir ABD vekili olarak israil 26/10/2024
Fethullah Gülen ve “Güldürenler” 15/10/2024
Üniversitelere Eleştirel Bir Bakış 16/09/2024
Türkiye İmam Hatip Cumhuriyeti (TİHC) 09/07/2024
İnsanı Alıklaştıran, Toplumu Kirleten, Doğayı Yok Eden Reklamlar 28/03/2024
Alaturka ‘Çitleme’ AKP Tipi Kapitalizm 14/02/2024
Eleştirel Düşüncenin Vazgeçilmezliği ve Entelektüel 02/01/2024
Laiklik Nedir, Türkiye’de Nasıl Uygulanıyor? 05/12/2023
“Birleşmemiş” Milletler Örgütü 10/02/2025
“Ben Siyasetle İlgilenmiyorum” Konformizmi Üzerine 26/10/2024
Bir ABD vekili olarak israil 26/10/2024
Fethullah Gülen ve “Güldürenler” 15/10/2024
Üniversitelere Eleştirel Bir Bakış 16/09/2024
Türkiye İmam Hatip Cumhuriyeti (TİHC)
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