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85 zenginin serveti 3 milyar yoksulunkine eşit - Dünyalılar Medyada her gün gelir eşitsizliği üzerine çeşitli araştırmalar, rakamlar yayınlanıyor. Ama bu araştırmalar gelir üzerinden mevcut eşitsizliği açıklıyorlar. Bu da asıl gerçeği gizliyor. Ekonomistler buna şu örneği veriyor: “Maaş bir gelir ama hisse senedi ya da konut şirket ortaklıklarının servetini oluşturuyor. Yoksullar ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için gelirini hemen harcıyor, buna karşın zenginler servetlerinin çok az bir bölümünü harcayıp, sürekli tasarruf ediyor.”
Buna göre servet üzerinden yapılan eşitsizlik hesaplamaları gelir eşitsizliğinden çok daha ürkütücü sonuçlara ulaşıyor.
YÜZDE BİR HER ŞEYİ ALIYOR
Oxfam’s Opus araştırma şirketinin servet üzerinden yaptığı global bir araştırmaya göre, dünyanın en zengin 85 kişisinin serveti, dünya nüfusunun en yoksul 3 milyarından daha fazla. İnanılmaz ama gerçek. 85 kişi 3 milyardan daha zengin…
Bu da, küresel zenginliğin ya da servetin ikiye bölündüğünü, bunun yaklaşık yarısının en zengin yüzde 1’e, geri kalanın da yüzde 99’a dağıldığını gösteriyor.
The World Economic Forum bu durumu insanoğlunun gelişmesinin önündeki en büyük risklerden biri olarak tanımlıyor.
Ayrıca aşırı ekonomik eşitsizlik ve siyasi egemenlik çoğunlukla birbiriyle paralel gidiyor. Bir başka deyişle politik kurumlar denetlenmediği zaman sistem temelden çürümeye başlıyor ve hükümetler ortalama vatandaşın zararına olarak ezici bir şekilde ekonomik elitlerin çıkarlarına hizmet etmeye başlıyor, bu da ekonomik eşitsizliği sürekli körüklüyor.
SERVETLERİ 110 TRİLYON DOLAR
Zenginliğin bu aşırı konsantrasyonu ahlaki, sosyal, ekonomik büyüme, eşitsiz siyasi temsil ve fırsat eşitsizliği üzerinde çok olumsuz trendlere yol açıyor. Bu etkileri şu şekilde özetlemek mümkün:
Dünya nüfusunun yüzde 1’i küresel servetin yaklaşık yarısını alıyor.
En zengin yüzde 1’in serveti 110 trilyon dolar olarak ölçülüyor. Bu da en alttaki dünya nüfusunun servetinin 65 misli anlamına geliyor.
Dünya nüfusunun en alttaki yarısı, en zengin 85 kişi kadar servete sahip.
En zengin yüzde 1, 1980 ve 2012 arasındaki verilere göre, araştırma kapsamındaki 26 ülkeden 24’ünde zenginlik paylarını artırdılar. Örneğin ABD’de 2009’dan bu yana görülen ekonomik büyümenin yüzde 95’i en zengin yüzde 1’e yararken, toplumun en alttaki yüzde 90’ı tam tersine daha da yoksullaştı.
SOSYAL ÇÖKÜŞ TEHLİKESİ
Ekonomik kaynakların birkaç insanın elinde bu inanılmaz konsantrasyonu politik ve ekonomik sistemler için çok ciddi bir tehlike arz ediyor. Toplum olarak daha ileri gitmek yerine, insanlar giderek daha fazla ekonomik ve sosyal güçler tarafından bölünüyor, bu da kaçınılmaz olarak sosyal tansiyonu yükseltiyor ve toplumsal çöküş riskini artırıyor.
Yine Oxfam’ın araştırmasına göre, tüm dünya genelinde yasaların ve düzenlemelerin zenginlerin lehine olarak dizayn edildiğine inanıldığına dair güçlü bir inanç var.
LATİNLER EŞİTSİZLİĞİ AZALTIYOR
G20 içinde yer alan tüm ülkelerde, Güney Kore dışında eşitsizlik artarken, Latin Amerika ülkelerinde anlamlı bir iyileşme görülüyor. Brezilya, Meksika ve Arjantin, yüksek oranlı vergilendirme ve kamu harcamalarının da katkılarıyla gelir eşitsizliğini azaltıyor.
İMTİYAZ VE BORSALARA DİKKAT!
Diğer yandan servet eşitsizliğindeki eşitsizlik sadece yoksulun daha yoksul olmasının ölçümü anlamına gelmiyor.
Bu daha çok, siyasi ve ekonomik sistemlerde zenginlere tanınan imtiyazların yarattığı ve borsa gibi finansal piyasalardan elde edilen olağanüstü servetlerin ölçümü anlamına geliyor.
Buna karşın, gelir eşitsizliği artarken dünya yoksulluk oranının düşmesi de başka bir realite. 1970’den bu yana dünya yoksulluk oranı yüzde 80 oranında düştü. Meksiko City’den, Nairobi’ye, Şangay’a pek çok kent bir kuşak içinde yoksulluktan dinamik uluslararası pazarlara dönüştüler. Kişi başına 1 doların altında günlük gelir olarak belirlenen yoksulluk oranı, 1970’lerde yüzde 27 iken bu oran 1980’de yüzde 18’e, 1990’da yüzde 8’e düşmüş. 2005 itibarıyla dünyada günlük 1 doların altında gelirle yaşayanların oranı yüzde 5
ÖLDÜRMÜYOR, SÜRÜNDÜRÜYOR
Rakamlar açlık seviyesindeki mutlak yoksulluğun düştüğünü, buna karşın küresel zenginliğin artığını, ama bu servetten yoksulların çok az pay aldığını gösteriyor. Kısacası küresel sistem öldürmüyor ama süründürüyor.
Ahmet Buğdaycı
Dünyalılar
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Çıkış Yolu Mümkün! 26/02/2018
Profesyonel Politikacı 29/01/2018
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Veli’nin olmayan kolu 19/10/2017
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Siyasal İslamcılık veya olağanüstü hali olağan hale getirebilmek! 26/09/2019
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İnsansızlıktan Üşürken 23/05/2018
7 Adımda Türk Ekonomisi Nasıl Batar? 04/04/2018
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Çıkış Yolu Mümkün!
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