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Afrika Maymunları Sert Erkek Seviyor - Dünyalılar Afrika Maymunları Sert Erkek Seviyor,
Grup düzeyinde işbirliğinde genellikle ortak eylemin gerçekleştirilmesi sırasında isteksizlik, katılım azlığı gibi sorunlar ile karşılaşılır.
Kuramsal modeller ve insanlar üzerinde yapılan deneysel çalışma, defektörlerin cezalandırılması ve kooperatiflerin ödüllendirilmesi gibi sosyal yardımların ilgisiz bireylerin gruplarında işbirliğini geliştirebileceğini göstermektedir. Burada, bu işlemlerin insan olmayan bir hayvan türünde çalışabileceğini ve bir kamu malının üretimini etkili bir şekilde teşvik etmek için kullanılabileceğini de sizlere göstereceğiz.
Vervet maymunlarında (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) gruplar arası kavgalar iki yıl boyunca İsviçre ve Güney Afrika`dan bilim insanları tarafından gözlemlendi. Güney Afrika’da Mawana Game Reserve araştırmacıları ve Zürih Üniversitesi`nden Jean Arseneau-Robar ortalama 45 dakika süren 236 ayrı kavgayi değerlendirdi. Aynı zamanda sekiz saatlik video kaydını inceledi.
Gruplar arasında ki kavgalarda duraklama esnasında dişi maymunlar seçici bir şekilde daha agresif bir şekilde kavgaya katılan erkeklere bakım yaptı ve saldırmayan erkek grup üyelerine de dişiler saldırdı. Bakım yapılan erkekler ise tekrar kavgaya döndüklerinde performanslarının en üst düzeyine eriştiler.
Ayrıca dişi maymunların, gruplar arası kavgalara erkek katılımını teşvik etmek için havuç ve sopayı kullandıkları gözlemlendi. Barışçıl olan grup üyeleri ile çiftleşmeyi red edip, en saldırgan maymunlar ile çiftleşmeyi tercih ettiler.
Dişi maymunların toplumsal olaylara katılımı artırmak için erkeklere bakım yapması, sosyal teşvik mesajı niteliğinde işe yarayıp, grup içinde saldırgan erkek sayısını artırmaktadır. Gruplar arasında kavga olmadığı zamanlarda da dişi maymunlar grup içindeki erkek üyeleri birbiri ile kavga ettirip, kendileri de uzun süren bu kavgalarda birebir yer alıyorlar.
Peki dişi maymunlar bunu neden yapıyor?
Grubun olduğu yerin ve grubun devamlılığı için erkekleri zinde tutabilmek adına sık sık antreman niteliğinde kavga çıkardıklarını ve böylelikle hem yavrularının hem de kendi geleceklerini garantiye aldıklarını düşünüyor araştırmacılar.
Üstelik dişilerin, kondüsyonu artıran yüksek kaliteli gıda kaynaklarının tehlikede olduğu yerlerde ve zamanlarda sosyal yardımları kullandıkları da araştırma sonucu ortaya çıkan ilginç sonuçlardan biridir.
Saldırgan ve güçlü erkekler ile çiftleşerek, gruplarındaki saldırgan erkek genlerini bir sonraki kuşaklara aktarıp, soylarının devamını sağlamayı garantiye almak istedikleri de düşünülüyor.
Özgün Çeviri : Inanc Kaya
Kaynak : http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/affenweibchen-stacheln-maenner-zum-streit-an-a-1122661.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=%5Bsocial%5D&utm_campaign=%5Bwissen%5D#ref=rss
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