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Futbol - Eski Türklerin Oyunu - Dünyalılar
Futbol, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde en popüler spor olmasının yanında tarihi de çok çok eskilere dayanır. Milattan bile daha önceleri futbol benzeri ayakla oynanan oyunların olduğu biliniyor. Antik Yunan, Roma ve Çin Medeniyetleri başta olmak üzere neredeyse tüm medeniyetlerde futbolun ayak izlerini takip edebiliriz. İlginçtir, bilinen dünya ile o zamanlar hiçbir ilişkisi olmayan Amerikan yerlilerinde bile bu oyunun değişik varyasyonlarının oynandığını biliyoruz. Bütün bunlar gösteriyor ki, bir top peşinden koşma, çağlar boyunca insanın ilgisini celbetmiştir.
Türkler özelinde konuşacak olursak, belli ki futbol sevgisi çok eski dönemlere dayanır. Türkler hakkında yazılı birçok kaynakta ayakla oynanan bir oyundan bahsedilir. “Büyük mabetlerde sık sık ayak topu müsabakaları yapılır. Bu oyunda topa elle dokunulamaz. Ya ayakla, ya da başla vurulur ve böylece topu hasım kaleden içeri sokmak için uğraş verilir.”
Tsang kentinde, Türklerden oluşan kız ve erkeklerin beraber oynadığı oyunu izleyen Hiuan adlı bir Çinli bu satırları yazar. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken unsurlardan birisi de kadınların da oyuna iştirak etmeleridir. Hatta bazı kaynaklar oyunu sadece kadınların oynadığı bir oyun olarak anlatılır. Göktürkler hakkında bilgi veren Tung-Tien adlı Çin kaynağında futbol benzeri bu oyundan şöyle bahsedilir: “Erkek çocuklar sazlık ve ağaçlık yerlerde eğlenirler. Kızlar deri top tekmelerler. At sütünden mamül kımız içip , sarhoş olurlar şarkı söylerlerdi. ”
Yine bir başka Çinli kaynakta, aynı şekilde ayakla oynanan bir oyun anlatılır. Oyun aracı olarak, genellikle sekiz parçalı dikilmiş deri kılıflara yün doldurularak yapılan topların kullanıldığı bahsedilmektedir. “Kuzeyli Barbarlar” olarak tanımlanan ilk Türklerin, bu oyunda usta olduğu ifadesi geçer.
Kaşgarlı Mahmut’un 11. yy’da hazırladığı, Türkçe’nin bilinen en eski sözlüğü Divânu Lügati’t-Türk, Türklerin yaşayışları hakkında bir çok konuya ışık tutan çok kıymetli bir eserdir. Bu eserde “Tepük” adlı bir oyundan bahsedilir. Tepük oyunu şöyle anlatmıştır Kaşgarlı Mahmut: “Kurşun eritilerek iğ ağırşağı şeklinde dökülür, üzerine keçi kılı veya başka bir şey sarılır, çocuklar bunu teperek oynarlar.”
“Tepük”, Türkçe’de tepmek, tekmelemek anlamına gelir. Oyun ayakla oynandığı için bu isim konulmuş olsa gerek.
“Tarih-i Timur” adlı eserde, Timur döneminde Türklerin, içi havayla doldurulmuş kuzu postundan yapılma toplarla oynadıkları; oyunda topa elle dokunmanın ve topu çizgiden dışarı çıkarmanın yasak olduğu yazılıdır. Timur’un bu oyunu askerlerine bir çeviklik talimi için yaptırdığı ifade edilir.
Bu kaynakta bahsedilen el kullanımının yasak olması ve sahanın belirli sınırları olması gibi kurallar bugünkü modern futbolla büyük ölçüde benzerlik göstermekte.
Seyyid Ali Ekber’in yazdığı “Hıtay-ı Name”‘ adlı eserde yine bu oyundan bahsedilir. Bu konuda şunlar anlatılır: ” Ve top oyunu Hıtay’da güzeller işidir. Ve dahi harabeti (düzensiz kalabalık) çok olan ve sığır kursağından top yüzmüşler (yapmışlar) ve mahbub (erkek) ve mahbubeleri (kadınları) durdurmuşlar. Ve topa ayaklar ile ururlar (vururlar). Şöyle ki; elin ol topa değdirmeye ve ol topu yere düşürmeye ve nazik ayak ile dürde (ite), saklara (baldırlara) ve usulsüz vurmak ve yere düşürmek ve daireden taşra (dışarı) çıkmak vaki olmaz.”
Buğra Derci
http://www.bugraderci.blogspot.com/
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Adolph Ve Rudolph’un Öyküsü – Adidas Ve Puma 06/01/2015
Erkekliğe İyi Asist: Futbol 12/12/2014
Danny Macaskill: Ölüme meydan okuyan bisikletçi 07/08/2014
The Mountaineers 20/06/2014
Maç varsa devrim yapamazsın! 26/05/2016
“Atan Alır” Kuralının En Eğlenceli Olduğu Saha: Panyee 29/02/2016
Bisikletle Dünyayı Gezen İlk Kadın: Annie Londonderry 24/12/2015
Bisikletler Arabalara Karşı 08/12/2015
Kathrine Switzer; Erkek Yarışında Bir Kadın
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