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Öldürülen ve Öldüren Çocuk Askerler - Dünyalılar Bitmek bilmeyen, silah endüstrisini mutlu etmekten başka bir işe yaramayan, sadece bu gezegeni daha çok acıya boğan savaşlar… Sivil çocuklara yeterince zarar vermiyormuş gibi bir de onları “asker” olarak kullanıyor, ellerine silah veriyoruz.
Çocuk askerler dünyanın en büyük sorunlarından biri. Çocuk Asker Kullanılmasını Durdurma Koalisyonu’nun tahminlerine göre dünyada 300 bin çocuk asker bulunuyor. Yarım milyondan fazla çocuğun da ordularda ya da silahlı başka örgütlerde çeşitli görevler aldığı biliniyor.
Listenin başında 100 bine varan çocuk asker nüfusu ve 9’a kadar inen yaş ortalamasıyla Afrika bulunuyor. Birçok Asya ülkesi, Latin Amerika’nın bir kısmı, Avrupa ve Ortadoğu’daki ülkelerde çocuk asker kullanıyor.
Çocuk Vakfı’nın hazırladığı Risk Altındaki Dünya raporuna göre dünyada 0-18 yaş arası çocuk nüfusu 3 milyar 50 milyon. Bu çocukların 1 milyar 900 milyonu 15 yaşından küçük. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde 5-14 yaşlarında 200 milyon çocuk mutlak yoksulluk düzeyinin altında bulunuyor. Dünyada 35’e yakın ülkede çocuklar hükümet ya da muhalif gruplar adına asker olarak savaşıyor.
Çocuk askerlerin çoğunluğunu 15–18 yaş dilimindeki çocuklar oluşturmakla birlikte henüz 7 yaşında olan çocuk askerlere de rastlanıyor. Bu çocukların pek çoğu ön saflarda çarpışmalara dahil edilirken bazıları da casus, haberci, nöbetçi, hamal, hizmetçi veya seks kölesi olarak kullanılıyor. Yine küçümsenemeyecek sayıda çocuk asker, kara mayınlarını temizlemek için kullanılıyor.
Çocuk askerler silahlı politik gruplar tarafından ya da hükümete bağlı paramiliter gruplar tarafından çatışmaların yoğun yaşandığı bölgelere gönderilerek silahlı çatışmalara sokuluyor. Bu çocukların çoğu öldürülüyor. Sağ kurtulanlar ise fiziksel, ruhsal ve cinsel travmaya uğruyor. Savaşların sona ermesinin ardından ise bu ülkelerde çocuklara yönelik rehabilitasyon çalışmaları ya da eşit ve ulaşılabilir sağlık hizmetleri yeterli değil.
Uganda’da Tanrının Direniş Ordusu’nun elinden kurtulan bir kız çocuk asker şöyle diyor; ‘Sana bir mesaj vermek istiyorum. Lütfen dünyaya biz çocukların başına neler geldiğini söylemek için elinden gelenin en iyisini yap. Çünkü diğer çocuklar bu şiddete maruz kalmamalı.’ Uganda’da Tanrının Direniş Ordusu tarafından kaçırılan çocuk sayısı 20 bin. Bu çocuklar hizmetçi, seks kölesi ve savaşçı olarak kullanıldı. Tanrının Direniş Ordusu’nun kaçırdığı çocuklardan erkek olanları birer ölüm makinesine dönüştürüldü.
Henüz hayatı tam anlamıyla idrak edememiş dimağlar silahla yatıp, silahla uyanırken Birleşmiş Milletler’in hazırladığı bazı raporlar insanın içini yakıyor: IŞİD’in güçlü olduğu birçok yerde azınlık çocuklarının kaçırıldığı, üzerlerine fiyat etiketi konulup pazarlarda köle olarak satıldığı; zihinsel engelli çocukların intihar saldırılarında kullanıldığı , bu çocukların muhtemelen ne yaptıklarının farkında bile olmadıkları bildiriliyor.
‘Yeni olmak zor, bir çok alıştırmayı yapamıyordum. Bu yüzden her sabah dayak yiyordum. Kamptaki iki arkadaşım dayak yüzünden öldüler. Askerler onları yaktılar. Ben hala onları düşünüyorum’ Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyetinden eski bir asker çocuğun 2002 ‘de söylediği sözler bunlar.
Unutmayın oralarda bir yerlerde şu anda yaşı on belki de dokuz olan çocuklar ölüyor. Kimi küçücük bedenine isabet eden kurşunlardan, kimi asker olmayı beceremediği için işkenceden, kimi tecavüzden, kimi ise açlıktan…
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