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Anadolu'da Şarap Kardeşliği - Dünyalılar
Hititler, Anadoluyu hakimiyetleri altına aldıklarında üzüm bağlarını ve şarap yapımını tüm Anadolu’ya yaydıkları çağları gözünüzün önüne getirmenizi istiyorum. Her yan bağlık, her karış toprakta asma dikili, Üzüm önemli bir gıda olduğu kadar tanrılara sunulan kutsal içkiyi sağlayan bir meyve. Üzümler olgunlaştığında onları toplamak için insan gücüne oldukça fazla ihtiyaç olacak. O dönemlerde net olarak kaç kişinin yaşadığı bilinmiyor ama daha sonraları Romalılar zamanında yapılan bir sayımda Anadolu’da 20 milyon insanın yaşadığı kayıtlara geçmiş.
Bağ bozumu önce üzümlerin en erken olgunlaştığı Akdeniz’de başlar. Şarabın önemli bir gıda, içecek, ticari bir meta ve tanrılara sunulan hediye olduğu düşülünürse şimdikinden çok daha fazla üzüm bağları olduğunu tahmin etmek güç değil. Bu bağlarda yetişen üzümlerin çabuk toplanıp, şarap yapılacak yere taşınıp ezilmesi ve büyük küplere doldurulması lazım. Ve bu işler için de gerekli olan iş gücünün yöre halkınca sağlanamadığı Hitit tabletlerinden anlaşılıyor.
Böylece bir göç başlıyor. İç Anadolu, Eğe, Marmara ve Doğu Anadolu gibi üzüm hasadının henüz başlamadığı yörelerden Akdeniz’e bağ bozumuna gidiliyor. Üzümler toplanıp şarap olmak üzere büyük küplere konduktan sonra ateşler yakılıp bağ bozumu şenliklerine başlanıyordu. Bu şenliklerde geçen senelerde yapılan şaraplar içilip, çeşitli oyunlar oynanıp gösteriler yapılıyordu. Yardıma gelen komşuların güzel ağırlanması, yorgunluklarının ikram edilen yiyecek – içecek ve eğlencelerle atılmasının sağlanması bir sene sonraki bağ bozumu için şimdiden sağlanmış iş gücü anlamına geliyordu.
Bu şenliklerin birbirine uzak yörelerden gelen Anadolu halklarını birbirlerine kaynaştırdığını ve sosyalleşmelerinde en önemli faktör olduğunu söylemek mümkün. Bu kaynaşma her yıl devam ettiğinden uzun süreli bir barış ortamının sağlanmasına da bu bağ bozumu şenliklerini oldukça etkili olduğunu düşündürüyor. Komşu halklarla kavgalı olunduğunda bağ bozumu zamanının hayli sıkıntılı geçeceği bir gerçek.
Ayrıca; bu ortak amaç ve değerler adına yapılan yardımlaşma ve çalışmaların insanları yakınlaştırması neticesinde komşu milletlerle evlilik ilişkilerinin sağlanmasına ve akrabalık bağlarının her geçen yıl artmasına neden oluyordu.
Akdeniz’deki bağ bozumu şenlikleri bittiğinde bu kez Ege’deki üzümler olgunlaştığından Eğe’deki üzümlerin toplanması gerekiyordu. Bu kez Akdeniz’deki halklar Egeye akın ediyor ve bağ bozumuna yardım ediliyordu. Yine şenlik ateşleri yakılıyor, geçen yılların şarapları açılıyor, eğlencelere kaldığı yerden devam ediliyordu.
Oradan Marmara ve İç Anadolu’ya geçiliyor ve daha sonra Anadolu’nun doğusundaki üzümlerin hasat zamanı geliyordu. Akdeniz de Temmuz da olgunlaşan üzümler, iklim ve güneş görme süresi düşünüldüğünde Anadolu’nun doğusunda Ekim ayında ancak olgunlaşıyordu. Bu da; Anadolu’daki “Bağbozumu Şenlik Ateşleri”nin 4-5 ay hiç sönmediğini gösterir.
Bu durumdaki bir Anadolu’da binlerce yıldır yapılan bağ bozumu şenliklerindeki bu kaynaşmanın süregelen neticesinde toplumları bir arada tutan ve bu güne değin ulaşan etkilerinin olduğunu düşünüyorum. Siz ne dersiniz?
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Sanatı Sanatçılardan Kurtarın 29/12/2021
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Antik Yunan Paralı Askerler ve Bir Şiir 03/11/2023
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