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Dinler; Hurafeler mi, Kutsal Öğretiler mi? - Dünyalılar Sizlere daha önce hem web sitemizde ve hem de sosyal platformlarımızda Zeitgeist’den söz etmiş ve bazı belgesellerini de yayınlamıştık, ki zaten sizler de takip ediyorsunuzdur. İzlemenizi istediğimiz bu belgesel genel olarak dünyada işlerin nasıl yürüdüğüne ilişkin tartışmalar yürüten bir belgesel. Burada bu belgeselin dinlerin doğuşuna ilişkin elde ettiği bilimsel verilerin ele alındığı bölümü sizlerle paylaşmak istedik.
Belgesel, özellikle Hristiyanlığı merkezine alarak tek tanrılı dinlerin ortaya çıkış koşullarını, kullandıkları simgelerin, ritüellerin, rakamların nereden geldiğini, bir sonraki dinin öncekilerle olan bağlantısını, dinlerin politik birer argüman ve toplumları manipülasyon aracı olarak nasıl kullanıldığını anlatıyor.
Belgeselin bir bölümünde Thomas Paine (29 Ocak 1737 İngiltere – 8 Haziran 1809 Amerika) adı da geçiyor. Tanımayanlar için Thomas Paine aslında hem insan hakları ve hem de dinlerin yeniden tanımlanması açısından çok önemli bir isim.
Thomas Paine’in 1776’da yayımlanan “Sağduyu” adlı yapıtı Amerikan Bağımsızlık Bildirgesi’nin hazırlanmasında etkili oldu. George Washington’a göre bu kitap, “insanların düşüncelerinde önemli bir değişime yol açmıştır”.
İngiltere ve Fransa’da krallıkların devrilerek yerine cumhuriyetlerin kurulması için mücadele etti. 1789 Fransız Devrimiyle beklentilerinin bir bölümü gerçekleşmiş oldu.
1791-92’de İnsan Haklan (The Rights of Man) adlı kitabını iki bölüm olarak yayımladı. Bu kitapta cumhuriyet yönetimini savunarak İngilizler’i monarşiyi yıkmaya çağırdı. Halkın eğitilmesini, yoksullara yardım edilmesini, işsizlere devletin iş alanları açmasını, emekli aylığı verilmesini ve gelire göre artan oranda vergi alınmasını istedi. Bu kitabı yüzünden İngiltere’de vatana ihanetle suçlandı.
Paine’in hapisteyken yazdığı Age of Reason (1794, “Akıl Çağı”) adlı kitabının ikinci bölümü 1796’da yayımlandı. Bu kitapta Tanrı’ya inandığını ama yürürlükteki dinsel uygulamalara karşı olduğunu belirttiği için dinsizlikle suçlandı. 1796’da yazdığı son büyük kitabı olan Tarımsal Adalet’te (Agrarian Justice) toprak mülkiyetindeki eşitsizlikleri eleştirdi.
Belgeselde Thomas Paine’in şu sözlerine yer veriliyor.
“Kaba olmak istemiyoruz ama gerçekçi olmak istiyoruz. Kimsenin duygularını incitmek istemiyoruz ama anladığımız ve doğru kabul ettiğimiz konularda bilimsel açıdan gerçeği bulmak istiyoruz. Hristiyanlık gerçeğe dayanmaz. Bizce Hristiyanlık, politik olarak empoze edilmiş bir latin hikayesinden başka bir şey değildir.”
Belgeselin dinlerle ilgili olan bölümü şu cümlelerle sonlanıyor.
“Gerçek şu ki İsa, Gnostik Hristiyan Mezhebi’nin Güneş Tanrısıdır ve diğer Pagan tanrıları gibi mitolojik bir figürden ibarettir.
Toplumsal kontrolü sağlamak için İsa’yı tarihi bir karekter haline getirmek politik bir gereksinimdi.
M.S. 325 yılında Roma hükümdarı Konstantin (Constantine) İznik (Nicea) Konseyi’ni topladı. Bu görüşmeler sırasında, politik olarak şekillendirilen Hristiyanlık öğretileri kabul edildi ve bu tarihten itibaren Hristiyanlık adına kan dökülmeye başlandı. Bunu takip eden 1600 yıl boyunca Vatikan, tüm Avrupa üzerinde etkili politik bir kale haline geldi.
“Karanlık Çağlar” olarak anılan zaman dilimlerine liderlik ederek Engizisyon ve Haçlı Seferleri gibi olaylara neden oldu.
Hristiyanlık, benzeri bütün ilahi inanç sistemleri gibi döneminin hurafesidir. İnsanları gerçek dünyadan ve dolayısıyla birbirlerinden koparma amacına hizmet eder. İnsanların otoriteye sorgulamadan itaat etmesini sağlar. Her şeyi kontrol eden bir tanrı olduğu iddiasıyla insanların sorumluluk duygusunu zayıflatır ve utanç verici suçları din uğruna olduğu takdirde haklı kılar.
Ama en önemlisi, gerçeği bildiği halde bu hikayeleri kullanan insanlara toplumu yönlendirme ve kontrol etme gücü sağlar.
Dini dogmalar, icat edilegelmiş en güçlü araçlardır ve diğer birçok hikayeye kanmak için, insan psikolojisinde bir temel oluşturur. Önemli olan hikayenin gerçekle olan ilişkisi değil, hikayenin işlevidir.
Kutsal hikayelerdeki kötü kokuyu alan ve gerçeğin ne olduğunu soran insanları önemsemezler, inancın savunucuları bu insanlarla tartışmaya girmez, onlara aldırış etmezler ve kafirlikle suçlarlar. ”
Her biri 9 dakika olan 3 bölüm ve belgeselin tamamı aşağıda. iyi seyirler…
Belgeselin tamamını buradan izleyebilirsiniz.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRkyY23mgVc
Deniz Kartal
Dünyalılar (www.dunyalilar.org)
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